Blueprint Reading Free Exam

To determine quantities of tile needed, measure the square footage, add 10 percent to compensate for bre akage, cuts andextras for future repairs, and then consult the manufacturer’s supply chart for quantity per 12.5 sq. ft. per carton, and for 11.5 sq. ft. per carton.

Piping connections may be grooved joint or threaded. Fittings are taken-off by each, and classified by type (elbow, tee, reducer, etc.), and method of connection and material composition (steel,PVC, iron, etc.). Valves and special appurtenances (gauges, flanges, etc.) are take-off by each, and listed according to type, manufacturer, model, size and application. Sprinkler heads and discharge nozzles are taken-off by each, and listed according to type (pendent, sidewall, etc.), temperature range, manufacturer and model.

Buildings which require mechanical plans and specifications have an area of 15,000 sq, ft. or more, which includes the
basement. Buildings with environmental heating or absorption cooling systems with a BTU input capacity greater than 350,000 also require mechanical plans and specifications.

The slab can be thickened within the building to support interior load-bearing partitions. It is quick and cost effective.
Mat foundations are reinforced slabs several feet thick which spread the weight of the building over the entire area below the
building and reduces the load per sq. ft. on the soil. Grade beam foundations are reinforced beams supported on a series of piles or piers creating a foundation wall.

After the quantity is calculated, it is multiplied by the length of each, and the total linear footage is computed. Example: For a
#4 bar in a 20' x 30' slab, bars spaced at 12" O.C. EW (each way) Longitudinal length = 30712" O.C. = 30' pcs x 20' = 600 LF
Transverse width = 20712’ O.C. = 20' pcs x 30' = 600 LF Total #4 bar-1200 LF

Divide the amount received by 40 percent (convert 40 percent to decimal form) $460.0%.40 = $1,150.00

Technical Specifications are divided into three parts: scope or project and work limits, intended products to be used, and the
methods, techniques and quality of workmanship. Addenda, Alternates, Allowances, Unit Prices, and the Summary of all qualitative requirements of the contract are also included.

It is often necessary to show location dimensions of several construction features in a straight line. The total chain of
dimensions should equal the overall total dimension if one is given.

The molding for the door sides must be 6'-H’ to allow for mitering. Two side casings can be made from one 14' - 0’ stock piece, or one can be made from an 8'-0' piece. Head casing moldings must allow for mitering and are 3'-2" wide. Two head casings can be made from one 8'-0" piece, or three can be made from one 10'-0' piece.

Power distribution includes installation of the main conductors that supply power to panels. Branch power and branch lighting refer to branching the panels to provide power and lighting to various project locations. Quantities may be determined according to system. Raceway installation exceeding 15' in height should be noted separately since it requires more equipment and labor, reducing productivity.

Themost common forced air heating and airconditioning package systems used for residential buildings also include % to 2 ton heat pumps, electric furnaces with top mounted evaporators and remote air cooled electrically-operated condensing units (2-10 tons). Chilled water systems are commonly used in multi-story residential buildings. Take-offs for equipment are by each item. Components such as flues for the furnace, thermostat wiring controls, filters, etc. may be listed separately, but taken-off either as individual items or collectively priced by lump sum.

Perforated pipe is used to dewater it is usually found around exterior basement wails and at the bottom of foundations, approx.
2 ft. out from the foundation wall. As with all pipe installation, take-off is by LF for pipe. Excavation and backfill are paid for by
the CY.

Methods for supporting shelves include the use of brackets carried in notches, brackets held with wood screws, wood pins and metal or plastic shelf pins. When plywood shelving is used, it should be faced with solid stock.

The general rule for estimating quantities of mortar for setting stone is: 4-5 CF of mortar for 100 CF of stone. Quantities ofnmortar for stone vary with the varying sizes of stone and joint.

SE and USE cable are moisture-resistant, fire-resistant insulated cable that has a braid of armor providing protection against atmospheric corrosion. USE has a lead covering permitting it to be used underground. SE is used for service entrance wiring or general interior use.

Gantt Charts are the basis for bar charts, which were originally used for production scheduling, but increasingly are used for
planning construction and recording it's progress. It's primary advantage is it's simplicity and ability to be understood by all
levels of management. Even though it is not the most efficient, it is the choice of most contractors in the residential/light commercial market.

A story pole is a straight piece of wood with the desired height marked on that is used to mark the trimmer stud at each window with the required height. In most cases, designers desire that the window heads be lined up with the door head jamb, which is usually 6'-8" (2.03 m) above the floor.

On smaller projects, a brief form may be used. On construction projects intended to be financed by a FHA loan, the Federal
Housing Administration Description of Materials is generally used. The typical specifications format for large projects is
established by the Construction Specification Institute (CSI format). The CSI format is intended to make finding information within a large project easier.

Calculating waste for irregular-shaped stone such as rubble or fieldstone is higher than 10 percent depending on the amount
of "unusable" stone in the delivered batch. Lower-grade stone waste factors may be as high as 20 percent.

Copper is considered an excellent hot and cold water distribution material. It is resistant to corrosion and does not rust. Hot and cold water piping is referred to as domestic water piping and excludes piping for fire protection systems. Standard piping materials are types L and K copper tubing. Water piping is taken-off by LF and fittings are taken-off individually.

General Conditions within the contract cite the specific order so a dispute may be settled without the need for interpretation
or arbitration. However, the legal precedent dictates that the Contract Agreement has priority, followed by the Specifications
and Plan Drawings.

Dampproofing is applied to the foundation area below grade and is not intended to resist water pressure. Common methods of dampproofing include applying bituminous-based, tar-like, coatings on the protected areas, and plastering a cement-based mixture (parging) over the surface area to be protected. Quantities for bituminous applications should be separated according to method of application. Parging is taken-off by the thickness (generally 1/4" -1") and number of coats.

(4x3)+20 = 32

Bricks come in numerous types and sizes. Sizes are nominal, not actual. The difference between actual and nominal is made up
by the thickness of the mortar. Most are modular in design, and generally a multiple of 4".

2 persons at 20 gal./person, 40 gal.; 2 persons at 5 gal/person, 10 gal,; Second full bath 10 gal.; Dishwasher 10 gal.; Washer 20 gal.; Total 90 gal.; 9 0/2 = 45 gaL/hr recovery rate.

Example: For a 1000 SF masonry wall, ties spaced 2'-0" O.C. each way; 1 tie is required every 4 SF of wall; 1000 SF = 250  ties; 4 SF per tie.

Trusses must be listed separately according to length, span, pitch, type and if they are special trusses intended for end conditions, such as gable-end trusses. Bracing from trusses is taken-off and listed by LF.

Horizontal bars are taken-off by total length multiplied by the number of bars shown. Vertical bars are taken-off by dividing the
total length of wall or footing by the spacing, and multiplying by their height or length.

Stock material should be cut 1/8"-1/2-" longer than needed. An extra piece or a few extra feet of each piece should also be cut.
In case one of the required pieces is destroyed (cut short), the spare will be available.

Frequent moves of ladders or scaffolding, or staging, reduces the accuracy of labor pricing. Installed wood moldings and trim which must be painted also reduce productivity due to time needed for "cutting in."