Blueprint Reading Free Exam

Technical Specifications are divided into three parts: scope or project and work limits, intended products to be used, and the
methods, techniques and quality of workmanship. Addenda, Alternates, Allowances, Unit Prices, and the Summary of all qualitative requirements of the contract are also included.

Blasted or drilled rock must be listed separately from other excavation. For estimation purposes, rock may exceed in-ground
volume by as much as 60 percent which should be accounted for. Rock type, proximity to existing structures, or drilling depth
required, special permits and the quantity of rock to be blasted or drilled all affect the contractor's estimation. It is advised that a rock blaster or drilling specialist be hired to perform this operation.

The type, and occupancy, of the building is a primary consideration in determining what is the most effective and efficient energy source to operate an HVAC system.

A building section, commonly called a "section," is any vertical slice or cut through a particular part of the building. Different
sections incorporated into the drawings may include crosssections, taken from a plan view, longitudinal or wall sections,
taken from an elevation. Sections are often a different scale than the plan or elevation view they are taken from. Details offer
greater, enlarged clarification of certain areas of a floor plan, elevation, or particular part of the drawing

Generally ceiling panels are installed first and may be single or double nailed. Single-nailed ceilings are usually spaced approx. 7 in. O.C. Screws are spaced 12" on the ceiling.

Brick masonry units are taken-off by SF of wall in the case of single-wythe walls such as veneers. Multiple-wythe walls are
taken off in CF. In each case, the contractor must calculate the final conversion of the number of brick per SF to brick per CF
based on the size of the brick, size of the mortar joint, and brick bond (pattern).

Standpipe systems, automatic sprinkler systems or the combination of the two, accomplishes fire suppression. It is the contractor's responsibility to study plans for sprinkler head locations, piping sizes andmaterials and location of valves, fittings and appurtenances. Riser diagrams may indicate compressors for dry systems, backflow preventers and alarm bells.

All pipe is taken-off by the LF. Cost for cutting to specific lengths in the must be included. Quantities for cutting larger-diameter pipe are taken-off by each item. Special pipe fittings are listed separately by each item. Structures such as manholes, catch basins, tanks, etc. are listed separately per each item.

Elevations show the height and location of items. They do not show interior views or details. Items such as windows and
doors are indicated with letters in circles, which correspond to information schedules.

Plastic pipe support is very important but receives little attention with adverse results. Support spacing depends upon pipe size, operating temp, wall thickness and mechanical properties of the specific pipe material. Specific support spacings are available from the pipe manufacturers.

Units are calculated by multiplying the perimeter of the area to be shored by the height of the shoring from the bottom of the trench to the top of the excavation. The take-off for shoring must remain separate from the work it is meant to protect. The take-off must include materials, labor and equipment to install and remove the shoring.

There are three generally accepted rules for calculating the riserun or riser-tread ratio: 1) riser + riser + tread = 24" - 25"; 2) riser + tread = 17" -18"; 3) riser height x tread width = 70" - 75

Mechanical and electrical drawings must be reviewed for pipe trenching or conduits that are in the basement or under slab-ongrade. This work is often overlooked since it is not shown in civil drawings. Most site work is shown on the civil drawings, which the contractor uses to determine the cut and fill quantities to bring the site to the new grade.

Fees for electrical permits are typically assessed per job. Utility companies typically assess a hook-up charge to tie in a service or transformer per occurrence.

General Conditions within the contract cite the specific order so a dispute may be settled without the need for interpretation
or arbitration. However, the legal precedent dictates that the Contract Agreement has priority, followed by the Specifications
and Plan Drawings.

Batt or roll insulation, rigid insulation, loose fill insulation, and polyethylene vapor barriers are taken-off by SF.

Industrial maintenance primers and topcoats are used to protect against more severe environment conditions where architectural coatings protect against more mild environments.

900 + (900 x .3833); 900 + 345; 1245/24 = 51.88 = 52 bundles

Before signing the contract: everything must be clearly explained and understood and all questions must be answered. Payment
schedules,how change orders will be handled, work hours, delivery of materials, and other concerns must be made clear,
before the contract is signed.

Two major types of scales are the architect's scale, and the engineer's scale. The architect's scale used on floor plans is %
scale where %" = T or % scale where 7e" = 1’. The engineer's scale is in increments of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50, where, for
example, the 10 scale represents 10 feet per inch, the 20 scale represents 20 feet per inch, and so on.

Requirements, Contract Forms, General Conditions and Specifications. These sections are further subdivided into 16 divisions.

Concrete flatwork, or slab, pouring is estimated and taken-off by the square foot.

Insulation blankets and batts with protective water-resistant paper coverings are installed with the paper facing the interior of the building to keep dampness and moisture away from the wallboard and batting. Plastic sheeting forms a vapor barrier in place of the insulation paper. When unfaced blankets are used, the entire wall must be covered with plastic sheets.

This take-off consists of frame sections, cross braces, outriggers and planks. All of these comprise the actual size of the staging
unit. Many contractors have some scaffolding available. If more scaffolding is needed, the contractor may need to include rental
costs as well as the erecting, dismantling and moving around of the scaffold during construction, and lost productivity.

Class ABC fire extinguishers are multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers, which cover the possibility of the three basic types of fires.

All radii of the same circle are equal in length. By definition, a radius is one-half of the diameter. The diameter is a chord
through the center of the circle. Contractors are often required to calculate more complex, irregular shapes such as polygons,
hexagons, octagons, etc. It is best to divide the area into more common shapes and add or subtract the pieces to arrive at the total.

43,560 sq. ft. = 1 acre; 43,560 x 5 = 217,800

Stock material should be cut 1/8"-1/2-" longer than needed. An extra piece or a few extra feet of each piece should also be cut.
In case one of the required pieces is destroyed (cut short), the spare will be available.

Federal and State agencies require protection to endangered species and environmentally sensitive areas around construction
and building sites. Silt fences may be taken-off as LF, or fabric and metal stakes separately at SY, respectively. Take-off should reflect estimated installation cost.

Round 0.62871 to three decimal places: 0.629; Round 0.47201 to three decimal places: 0.472